Post by UKarchaeology on Sept 29, 2015 0:31:42 GMT
ST. GEORGE, Utah -- An archaeologist from California believes he may have found the two mass grave sites that hold the bodies of men, women and children murdered in the Mountain Meadows Massacre in southwest Utah in 1857. However, the graves aren't on land the Mormon church purchased in order to memorialize the victims in one of the darkest chapters in Utah's pioneer history.
Everett Bassett said it took him about 20 minutes to discover the two mass graves sites in August 2014. After speaking with descendants of the victims, he presented his findings on Sept. 12 at the Mountain Meadows Massacre Foundation’s meeting in Harrison, Ark.
Bassett said that after reading U.S. Army documents from 1859 about the burials and visiting the site previously thought to hold the graves, he determined the current burial locations were incorrect.
The massacre was the center of controversy almost from the beginning, a violent culmination of the friction between members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and other pioneers at the time.
Historians have pieced together the details of the attack, which took part during a territorial conflict later called the Utah War.
It occurred on Sept. 11, 1857, about 30 miles north of St. George.
The Baker-Fancher party, made up mostly of Arkansas emigrants, was camped in the meadows on their way westward when nearby militia leaders made plans to attack the wagon train and blame the attack on Native Americans, the local Paiute Indians. Some of the militiamen tried to disguise themselves by wearing Native American dress.
After a five-day siege near Cedar City, Utah, militia leaders deceived the emigrants into coming out. Maj. John D. Lee offered safe passage if they would surrender and follow them north.
Escorted by the armed militiamen, the party walked about a mile before the Mormon militia turned and attacked, killing approximately 120 men, women and children and sparing only 17 children younger than seven.
For decades, church leaders asserted that the Paiute committed the act, raising the ire of the descendants of the survivors. Lee was executed in 1877 for his role in the massacre.
The bodies were either quickly buried or left out in the open along one of the primary pioneer roads. In 1859, the Army sent 207 men to properly bury the bodies in two rock cairns.
The Mormon church, which expressed "profound regret" for the massacre in 2007, owns the 800-plus acres of land where the incident occurred and erected a monument in 1990 to the victims. The property owned by the church was also believed to house the two grave sites.
Phil Bolinger, Mountain Meadows Massacre Foundation president, said the church had told the foundation that there would not be much left of the erected graves on the property due to damage and erosion over the years.
“We never actually believed that,” Bolinger said. “We knew that the military built a sepulcher or cairn and that they were still out there.”
Using the Army records, Bassett was able to locate the California/Old Spanish Trail, which led him to a piece of private property that is not owned by the church. Bassett said the massacre site is correct but after comparing the historic records to the Mormon church-owned property, he realized the burial locations were marked in the wrong places.
“I was looking around and realized I was actually standing on top of this massive pile of rocks down in this ravine,” Bassett said. “The measurements taken by the Army were so accurate that when I followed the map using surveying equipment I was like 2 feet from it.”
The first grave site Bassett located was for the murdered men and boys. He found the grave for the women and children about 357 yards to the north of the first site. Both graves are made of granite stones piled about 30 feet across and about 6 feet tall to form rectangular sepulchers, Bassett said.
Though the graves will have to be exhumed to confirm their authenticity, Bassett is positive the locations are correct.
The Mountain Meadows Massacre Foundation is trying to come to an agreement with the land owner for conservation of the sites and wants to give them national monument status.The Mormon church-owned site was designated as a national historic landmark in 2011.
“It’s the highest order of federal protection out there and that has been our goal from the beginning,” Bolinger said. “We want to honor and respect those that were lost at Mountain Meadows in one of the worst tragedies in the westward expansion."
(pics & source at: www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/09/20/mountain-meadows-massacre-site/72525842/ )
Everett Bassett said it took him about 20 minutes to discover the two mass graves sites in August 2014. After speaking with descendants of the victims, he presented his findings on Sept. 12 at the Mountain Meadows Massacre Foundation’s meeting in Harrison, Ark.
Bassett said that after reading U.S. Army documents from 1859 about the burials and visiting the site previously thought to hold the graves, he determined the current burial locations were incorrect.
The massacre was the center of controversy almost from the beginning, a violent culmination of the friction between members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and other pioneers at the time.
Historians have pieced together the details of the attack, which took part during a territorial conflict later called the Utah War.
It occurred on Sept. 11, 1857, about 30 miles north of St. George.
The Baker-Fancher party, made up mostly of Arkansas emigrants, was camped in the meadows on their way westward when nearby militia leaders made plans to attack the wagon train and blame the attack on Native Americans, the local Paiute Indians. Some of the militiamen tried to disguise themselves by wearing Native American dress.
After a five-day siege near Cedar City, Utah, militia leaders deceived the emigrants into coming out. Maj. John D. Lee offered safe passage if they would surrender and follow them north.
Escorted by the armed militiamen, the party walked about a mile before the Mormon militia turned and attacked, killing approximately 120 men, women and children and sparing only 17 children younger than seven.
For decades, church leaders asserted that the Paiute committed the act, raising the ire of the descendants of the survivors. Lee was executed in 1877 for his role in the massacre.
The bodies were either quickly buried or left out in the open along one of the primary pioneer roads. In 1859, the Army sent 207 men to properly bury the bodies in two rock cairns.
The Mormon church, which expressed "profound regret" for the massacre in 2007, owns the 800-plus acres of land where the incident occurred and erected a monument in 1990 to the victims. The property owned by the church was also believed to house the two grave sites.
Phil Bolinger, Mountain Meadows Massacre Foundation president, said the church had told the foundation that there would not be much left of the erected graves on the property due to damage and erosion over the years.
“We never actually believed that,” Bolinger said. “We knew that the military built a sepulcher or cairn and that they were still out there.”
Using the Army records, Bassett was able to locate the California/Old Spanish Trail, which led him to a piece of private property that is not owned by the church. Bassett said the massacre site is correct but after comparing the historic records to the Mormon church-owned property, he realized the burial locations were marked in the wrong places.
“I was looking around and realized I was actually standing on top of this massive pile of rocks down in this ravine,” Bassett said. “The measurements taken by the Army were so accurate that when I followed the map using surveying equipment I was like 2 feet from it.”
The first grave site Bassett located was for the murdered men and boys. He found the grave for the women and children about 357 yards to the north of the first site. Both graves are made of granite stones piled about 30 feet across and about 6 feet tall to form rectangular sepulchers, Bassett said.
Though the graves will have to be exhumed to confirm their authenticity, Bassett is positive the locations are correct.
The Mountain Meadows Massacre Foundation is trying to come to an agreement with the land owner for conservation of the sites and wants to give them national monument status.The Mormon church-owned site was designated as a national historic landmark in 2011.
“It’s the highest order of federal protection out there and that has been our goal from the beginning,” Bolinger said. “We want to honor and respect those that were lost at Mountain Meadows in one of the worst tragedies in the westward expansion."
(pics & source at: www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/09/20/mountain-meadows-massacre-site/72525842/ )